As a key equipment in the field of geotechnical engineering, the technology development of tunnel anchor drilling rigs has experienced iterations from simple machinery to intelligent systems. Early equipment was mainly based on a single-body structure, which was limited by the electric power source and single function and was difficult to cope with complex strata. With the breakthrough of hydraulic technology, modern equipment such as the YTA820A drilling rig adopts a dual power head design to achieve two-way rotation of the inner and outer rods and hydraulic impact composite drilling, and the drilling depth of hard rock strata can reach 200 meters. The introduction of crawler chassis and four-link slide structure enables the drilling rig to operate at 360° multiple angles in the tunnel, and the vertical lifting height covers a range of 5-15 meters.
I. Core structure and technological innovation
1. Modular hydraulic system: Full hydraulic drive with independent heat dissipation module to ensure stable operation of the power head under 70KN pressure and reduce noise by 30%.
2. Intelligent variable angle mechanism: The hydraulic compensation device can achieve -10°~110° drilling angle adjustment to adapt to special-shaped working surfaces such as tunnel vaults and side walls.
3. Composite drilling technology: Integrate three modes of down-the-hole hammer impact, pipe wall protection, and spiral slag removal, and increase drilling efficiency by 60% in gravel formations.
II. Typical application scenarios and engineering value
1. Tunnel pipe support: The diameter of the advanced drilling hole is 100-400mm, forming a steel arch support system to effectively prevent surrounding rock collapse.
2. Slope dangerous rock treatment: Φ28-32mm anchor rods are implanted, with a pull-out force of 200KN, and landslides with a depth of more than 30 meters are treated.
3. Urban deep foundation pit engineering: The anti-floating anchor rod construction is completed with micro-pile technology, and the daily drilling efficiency reaches 1,500 linear meters.
III. Industry development trends
1. Intelligent upgrade: The digital twin system monitors the drilling pressure, speed, and torque parameters in real time, and the fault warning accuracy rate reaches 95%.
2. Multi-function expansion: The jet spray module superposition technology realizes the integration of drilling and grouting, and a single device saves 50% of labor costs.
3. Green construction: Dust collection devices and wastewater circulation systems increase the environmental protection compliance rate of construction to 98%.
At present, domestic manufacturers such as Bison and Qinchang Heavy Industry have achieved localization of key components, and the price of equipment is 40% lower than that of imported products. With the advancement of super projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Channel, tunnel anchor drilling rigs are making breakthroughs in the direction of large torque (≥8000N·m) and ultra-deep holes (＞300m), providing key technical guarantees for the development of underground space.