TBM (tunnel boring machine) is an efficient and safe tunnel construction equipment. It realizes the integrated construction of multiple processes such as tunnel excavation, support and forming through continuous and automated operation.
The working principle of TBM is mainly based on the combination of mechanical excavation, rock crushing and soil transportation technologies. Its core components include cutterhead, propulsion system, support system and control system.
1. Cutterhead: The front end of TBM is a huge circular cutterhead with multiple cutters or drill bits. When TBM is started, the cutterhead rotates to cut the rock or soil in front, crush it and discharge it.
2. Propulsion system: The propulsion system of TBM consists of hydraulic cylinders, screw motors, etc., which provide strong thrust to drive TBM forward. At the same time, the propulsion system can also adjust the posture and direction of TBM to ensure that it moves accurately along the preset tunnel route.
3. Support system: During the excavation process, TBM needs to carry out tunnel support in real time to prevent collapse. The support system usually uses prefabricated concrete lining pieces or shotcrete to reinforce and seal the tunnel wall.
4. Control system: The control system of TBM is the "brain" of the entire equipment, responsible for monitoring and controlling the operating status of each component. Through sensors, computers and automatic control technology, the operator can grasp the key parameters of TBM such as position, speed, and cutterhead speed in real time and control them accurately.
TBM has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, and environmental protection during the construction process, and is widely used in tunnel construction in railways, highways, water conservancy and other fields. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the performance and functions of TBM are also constantly improving, providing a more reliable and efficient solution for tunnel engineering construction.